Sequence of Events–
First, listen to your animated helper tell you about this lesson.
Then join us in the Ship’s Library, which keeps shapeshifting for your needs. Get comfy at a table. This will be another day of self-study. You can read about all the plants on this page and remember to take breaks when necessary. Watch Laurie’s Video on Centring with Niaouli Oil and Robert’s video on the Myrtaceae family. Under Manuka, you will find a Koala Bear with a small Voki video of his own.
Sniff the essential oils from this family you can obtain and fill out the scent impressions sheets. The exercises are downloaded at the bottom of the page.
Later, you may go to the Ship’s Blending Room to create the product suggested in the lesson.
Journal to benefit from this lesson’s transformations. If you find a point of interest, please share your insights with your Practical Potions Facebook group.
Canada now has Eucalyptus and Camphor oils listed as having risks. Indeed, these oils need to be used in a very safe way, never orally. Keep them away from children and pets. Use in tiny amounts. https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/healthy-living/your-health/lifestyles/safe-use-health-products-containing-camphor-eucalyptus-oils.html
Introduction:
Robert’s Myrtacea video is at the bottom of the page.
The Myrtaceae Family is beneficial for aiding breathing and healing. Cajeput, Clove Buds and Leaves, Eucalyptus, Manuka, Myrtle, Niaouli, and Tea Tree are some essential oils in this family that you will find helpful.
Cajeput/Cajuput
Melaleuca cajuputi subsp. cajuputi.
From: Indonesia, Australia
Class: oxide, alcohol, monoterpenes
3 Key Constituents: 1,8-Cineole, Alpha-Terpineol, p-Cymene (Motl et al. 1990; Milchard et al. 2004).
Steam distilled paperbark and branches
Cajeput is a tall evergreen, about 90 feet high. It has thick, pointed leaves.
In Malaysia, it is called kaju-putih, meaning white wood. It has been produced for centuries and imported into Europe in the early 18th century.
Favourite Use: To clean the air and home. It shares properties similar to those of other family members, including Eucalyptus, Tea Tree, and Niaouli.
Skin: Dilute before using to soothe insect bites, oily skin, and blemishes; like niaouli and tea tree, it can be used on radiation burns. Tisserand and Young, “Low risk of sensitization or phototoxicity.”
Respiratory: Diffuse for asthma, bronchitis, cough, colds, flu, and catarrh. Dilute a drop in a glass of salt water and gargle for a sore throat or laryngitis. Dilute and use on sore gums or teeth. Sheppard-Hanger
Immune: Like other members of the Melaleuca genus, cajeput can combat and prevent infection. It is effective against various bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis and Candida albicans-Purchon and Cantele pg. 41-42.
Muscular: Dilute and apply to sore areas for rheumatism, arthritis, gout and painful joints.
Genito: Use in the bath for cystitis, urethritis, and urinary infections. It may be used diluted on genital herpes. Imitates estrogen for menopausal issues. Sheppard-Hanger. It is a warming pelvic and venous decongestant.
Mind: Dr. Penoel and his wife Rosemary recommended it to help me get grounded. They said it works in the opposite direction than Frankincense—in that it helps keep people focused and “in their bodies.” It may also help bring self-confidence and optimism.
Perfumery: medicinal; top-mid note; mid-high odour intensity.
Blends with angelica, bergamot, birch, cardamom, clove, geranium, eucalyptus, helichrysum, lavender, myrtle, niaouli, nutmeg, peppermint, rosemary, rosewood, and thyme.
Astrologically: Taurus and Capricorn:
Supports the root chakra. Balances overdeveloped upper chakras.
A drop in the bath may promote sweating and the release of toxins.
It is also helpful as an insect repellent against mosquitoes, lice, and fleas.
Extra Research:
Antibacterial activity of Melaleuca cajuputi essential oil
Summary: This study explored the antibacterial effectiveness of Cajeput oil against several strains of bacteria. The research indicated that Cajeput oil has potent antibacterial properties, which could be beneficial in preventing bacterial infections naturally.
Citation: Wahab et al., 2022
Antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of Melaleuca cajuputi essential oil
Summary: Research on the psychological impact of Cajeput oil found that its inhalation could relieve symptoms of chronic stress and anxiety in animal models. This supports its use in aromatherapy for mental health and wellness.
Citation: Sul’ain, 2023
Chemotype essential oil of Melaleuca cajuputi leaf from Lektama
Summary: This study detailed the chemical variations in Cajeput oil extracted from different regions. The findings highlight how the oil’s composition can vary significantly depending on the geographic area, affecting its therapeutic properties.
Citation: Sutrisno et al., 2018
Biocontrol efficacy of cajeput oil against Anopheles stephensi
Summary: Cajeput oil was tested for its effectiveness in controlling mosquito populations. The study confirmed that the oil is an effective mosquito larvicide, particularly against the Anopheles stephensi species, without harming non-target species like earthworms.
Citation: Bakar et al., 2019
Cautions: Do not use if pregnant or with infants. Do not apply to or near the face of infants or children. There’s no internal use. It may be somewhat irritating to the skin, like tea tree. It can cause CNS and breathing problems in young children. Tisserand pg. 224. Old, oxidized oil is very irritating to the skin. Please do not use it in acute inflammation due to its warm, stimulating nature.
Clove Bud
Eugenia caryophyllata/Syzygium aromaticum
From: Madagascar
Class: Phenol (60-96%), ester
3 Key Constituents: Eugenol (50-95%), B-Caryophyllene, Eugenyl acetate (Kubeczka 2002, Lawrence 1981 p33-34, 1993 p. 36)
Clove Bud: Steam distilled from the flower bud. High yield with one kilo from only 8-12 kills of dry cloves. It is commonly adulterated with clove leaf or synthetic eugenol.
It was named after Saint Eugenia, patron saint of midwives. In Indonesia, a bud was traditionally inserted vaginally two weeks before delivery to prime the uterus.
Favourite Uses: Dilute to .05% and apply to a sore gum or tooth, but not for infants or children: dilute and clean cutting boards and kitchen surfaces.
Cosmetic: Like most essential oils, clove is disinfecting and has applications for acne, cuts, shingles, and gum infections. However, it can be aggressive to the skin and must be highly diluted.
It is also antifungal and valuable for athletes’ feet, warts, and other fungal infections. It is also antibacterial and strongly antiviral.
Respiratory: Clove bud can be diffused but should be highly diluted in other essential oils first or one drop into a water-based diffuser for sinusitis and bronchitis.
Muscles and Joints: Diluted in massage oil, it has a pain-reducing effect on arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and sprains. For polio- mixed with mustard. Neuralgia. Sheppard-Hanger pg 221
Endocrine: low adrenal and thyroid function in blends. For Kidney Yang deficiency. Eugenol is estrogen-inhibiting.
Immune: Purchon and Cantele, pg. 51—Clove is effective against several strains of bacteria that cause skin, urinary tract, and respiratory infections, such as sinusitis and pneumonia. It is also antiviral for herpes simplex.
Digestive: Clove bud is an age-old analgesic used by dentists for toothaches, dental infections, and tonsillitis. Please be careful to dilute it highly since it is a dermal irritant.
In one study, clove bud outperformed eugenol, eugenyl acetate and fluoride to slow dental erosion but helped remineralize teeth. Marya, C.M. et al. 2012. International Journal of Dentistry.
Use compresses for baths and massages to relieve cramps and spasms in the intestines. Purchon and Cantele pg. 51.
Mental and Nervous System: Maybe diffused in very low amounts for debility, fatigue, memory, depression, lethargy, tension, headaches, and drowsiness. Holmes (2016) suggests it for depression, ADD, dissociative disorder, psychotic and schizoaffective disorders. He notes its use in traditional cultures for protection against evil. “Clove essentially connects the unconscious with the conscious, and gut feelings with conscious feelings and willpower.”
Perfumery: Top-mid note. Fresh, woody, spicy, warm; high odour intensity.
It blends with bay, benzoin, bergamot, black pepper, cinnamon, citronella, chamomile roman, clary sage, geranium, ginger, grapefruit, jasmine, lavandin, lavender, lemon, mandarin, nutmeg, orange, palmarosa, peppermint, rose, rosemary sandalwood, vanilla, and ylang.
Mythology and Spirituality: Clove was used to enter the land of the gods in Celtic mythology and historically used as an aphrodisiac. Clove buds were traded with China dating back to the 3rd century BC.
Planetary– Mars, Aries, Capricorn
Cloven hooves are associated with Saturn (ruler of Capricorn, astrologically) or possibly the demi-god Pan.
Clove Extra Research:
Neuroprotective Effects: This research identifies several neuroprotective properties of clove oil, which help manage neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s and are linked to its phytocompounds.
Citation: “Syzygium aromaticum L. (Myrtaceae): Traditional Uses, Bioactive Chemical Constituents, Pharmacological and Toxicological Activities,” Biomolecules, 2021 (MDPI).
Nutritional and Phytochemical Composition: Rich in essential amino acids and vitamins, clove buds significantly contribute to health maintenance. The study also highlights the major volatile components responsible for therapeutic applications.
Citation: “Recent advances in nutritional composition, phytochemistry, bioactive, and potential applications of Syzygium aromaticum L. (Myrtaceae),” Frontiers in Plant Science, 2021 (Frontiers).
Cautions: Dermal and mucous membrane irritant. Avoid during pregnancy. Keep away from children. This is not a good oil to use for teething children. Please do not take it internally, except for a small dab diluted on a bad tooth for adults. It can be toxic in higher quantities. Patch test in your mouth first to ensure you do not get irritated. Dilute to .05%. Tisserand pg. 255 mentions if consumed, it may interfere with a host of medications (mainly heart-related) and surgery. The oil is a strong, hot stimulant and should be avoided in hyper, dry, acute conditions and high fevers. Do not nebulize by itself due to irritation of mucus membranes. Please do not use it internally, especially with peptic ulcers or taking blood thinners.
Clove Leaf oil is distilled from the twigs and leaves. It has a weaker effect than clove bud.
Three key Constituents: Eugenol (up to 88%), with little eugenyl acetate to balance it, B-caryophyllene, and x-caryophyllene (Lawrence 1995g p. 178 p. 198).
It’s the same cautions as clove bud.
Clove Flower/stem is distilled mainly from the flower and stem and used in perfumery.
3 Key Constituents: Eugenol, B-Caryophyllene, Eugenyl acetate (Lawrence 1993 p. 36, 1995g p. 178 p. 198)
It is a top-mid note and would be used in small amounts to add a spicy note.
Check Clove Bud for cautions.
In Your Facebook Group–
Describe how the bud, leaf and flower differ and are similar. If you are fortunate enough to find samples of the different oils:)
Could you record your impression of this oil in your Journal?
Eucalyptus—We discuss five types of Eucalyptus. There are hundreds of types, but only a tiny percentage produce helpful essential oils—the characteristics of all eucalyptus overlap. Eucalyptus Globulus is the most common variety.
A study by Barbosa LC et al. and Molecules 2016 21(12) examined 68 of the 900 species and subspecies identified. They report on the various antimicrobial, insecticidal, and herbicidal compounds.
Eucalyptus and Camphor oils are on Canada’s Hot list- https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/consumer-product-safety/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredient-hotlist-prohibited-restricted-ingredients/hotlist.html.
Eucalyptus is powerful. Use with respect!
Eucalyptus Globulus Leaf Oil;
Eucalyptus Citriodora Oil;
Eucalyptus Radiata Leaf/Stem Oil;
Eucalyptus Staigeriana Branch/Leaf Oil;
Eucalyptus Dives Leaf/Twig Oil
a) Cosmetics in solid forms
b) Cosmetics in other forms with greater than 0.022% b) “Keep out of reach of children,” and “In case of accidental ingestion, call a Poison Control Centre or doctor immediately and advise them this product contains eucalyptus oil.”
c) Cosmetics in other forms with less than or equal to 0.022%
Eucalyptus Lemon/Eucalyptus Citriodora/Corymbia citriodora
Now known as Corymbia citriodora
No longer classified as a true Eucalyptus
From: Australia, Brazil
Class: Aldehydes and Alcohols.
3 Key Constituents: Citronellal, Citronellol, Isopulegol (Lawrence, 2001d p. 75-78)
One difference with eucalyptus citriodora is the distinct lemon aroma. It is 80% citronella.
Steam distilled leaves
Favourite Use: Bug repellant.
Thirty-two anti-tuberculosis compounds are found in the essential oil. Citronellol showed air-borne inhibition of more than 90%. Ramos Alvarenga RF et al, Journal of Natural Products 2014 77(3): 603-610.
Due to high levels of citronellal, it is strongly anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, anti-infective, analgesic and yet sedative to the nervous system. Think of it for conditions of the respiratory or urogenital system.
Muscular: Blend 5% into a massage oil and apply it where you experience arthritis and sore joints and want overall pain relief. It is also anti-inflammatory—for rheumatoid arthritis. Sheppard-Hanger, pg. 211 (Note that this formula calls for a higher percentage of eucalyptus than Canadian regulators allow, so don’t produce this formula commercially in Canada).
Cardio: Used in a bath or diffuser, Corymbia citriodora may lower blood pressure and hypertension
Immune: It is antibacterial and valuable for shingles and chicken pox.
Helps fight staph aureus- The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Essential Oils pg. 139
Genito: Urinary, antiseptic, vaginitis, candida, may increase urine flow. Sheppard-Hanger- pg. 211. Like other lemony and aldehyde-rich oils, it is strongly anti-fungal and beneficial for Candida.
Mind: It is soothing and relaxing and may aid in sleeping. This is an excellent eucalyptus to use before bedtime.
It is helpful as a Room Spray, as it is very anti-bacterial and calming to the nervous system.
C. citriodora is a good deodorizer; you can also clean with it. It makes a great addition to natural cleaning creations.
Research:
Insect Repellent Actions: This study confirmed the efficacy of Corymbia citriodora oil as a natural insect repellent, highlighting its safety and effectiveness compared to synthetic repellents. Citation
The efficacy of repellents against Anopheles darlingi, the primary malaria vector in Bolivia, was evaluated. This mosquito has a peak in biting activity early in the evening. Three natural repellents (1 eucalyptus-based, one neem-based, and one containing several repellent essential oils) were tested compared to 15% deet in human landing catches in Bolivia. The eucalyptus-based repellent containing 30% p-menthane-diol (eucalyptus lemon), applied at a dose similar to those used in practice, gave 96.89% protection for 4 hours. Deet gave 84.81% protection. The other two products did not provide significant protection from mosquito bites.
J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 2002 Jun;18(2):107-10.
Could you record your impression of this oil in your Journal?
Eucalyptus Dives/Eucalyptus Peppermint
Broad-leaf peppermint eucalyptus
From: South Africa, Australia
Class: Ketone, Oxide (This is a more aggressive eucalyptus).
Three key Constituents are piperitone (37-48%), Alpha-Phellandrene (28%), and p-cymene (Bignell et al. 1998). It is low in cineole.
Steam distilled leaves
Favourite Use: Use a diffuser to clean the air. Please do not use it around children or pets.
Cosmetic: Dilute and dab a bit on boils or acne (avoid on sensitive or damaged skin)
Respiratory: This essential oil is effective in a diffuser for sinus infections, bronchitis, colds, infections, and flu. It is adequate for thinning and diluting mucous. Use it in a steamer or diffuser as a tonic after an illness. It is also helpful for exhaustion. Sheppard-Hanger. This oil is an excellent mucolytic decongestant and expectorant in acute and chronic respiratory conditions (Holmes 2016).
Mix with nutmeg and a carrier for adults and rub onto your chest like you might with Vicks vapour rub.
Muscular: Dilute in a carrier and use as a rub for arthritis, muscle aches and pains, injuries and sprains, neuralgia, and sciatica. Use in the daytime, as this oil is pretty stimulating.
Immune: Dilute and apply to measles. Add a drop to a glass of salt water to gargle for tonsillitis.
Genito: Relieves vaginitis- 3 drops in a litre of water as a douche. A useful diuretic detoxifies the liver and kidneys, including nephritis and vaginitis with leucorrhea (Holmes 2016).
Mind: Dilute and rub onto temples, neck, and shoulders for headaches.
Extra Research:
Antibacterial and Anti-inflammatory Properties: Eucalyptus dives essential oil, which is noted for its antibacterial activities and is beneficial in treating skin conditions like acne. Its anti-inflammatory properties also aid in soothing irritated skin. Citation.
Toxic Effects: A study on the harmful effects of Eucalyptus dives oil, particularly its component 3-carvomenthenone, emphasized the need for caution due to its potential toxicity. This component was found to have significant insecticidal properties, which implies strong biological activity that could also affect human health if misused or in excessive amounts. The study highlights the importance of using Eucalyptus dives oil safely, particularly in products designed for personal care or pest control, to avoid adverse health effects. Citation.
Cautions: Don’t use it during pregnancy, breastfeeding or with children or pets. It can cause CNS and breathing problems in young children. Do not apply to or near the face of infants or children under ten. Tisserand pg. 273. No internal use; fewer than 5 MLS taken internally can be deadly. Avoid with High Blood Pressure and Epilepsy- May affect homeopathic formulas. Do not use high concentrations in the bath over time, as it can also be fatal if absorbed. It can cause dermatitis in some. Be careful around pets.
Could you record your impression of this oil in your Journal?
Eucalyptus Globulus/Eucalyptus Blue Gum
From: Australia, China, Spain, Madagascar, France
This is the most common Eucalyptus- It is often used generically when the Latin name is not given.
Class: Ketone, Oxide
Steam distilled leaves. Almost all Eucalyptus oils are re-distilled or rectified by vacuum redistillation to reduce harsh terpenes and volatile aldehydes (isovaleric).
3 Key Constituents: 1,8 Cineole, Alpha-Pinene, (+)-Limonene (Lawrence 1989 p199-200, 1993 p 122-125).
Favourite Uses: I love this essential oil. I use a few drops on dirty clothes to disinfect them before they go into the washing machine. It can also help remove grease from clothes. When I have steam, I alternate with eucalyptus globulus and ravintsara aromatic. I add a few drops to hot water to clean the cupboards.
Cosmetic: Dilute and apply to blisters, cuts, herpes, acne, and insect bites. Euc. globulus increases the respiratory metabolism of skin cells and oxygenates the skin. Sheppard-Hanger pg. 215
The oil reduced malodorous necrotic ulcers in head and neck cancer patients and showed a small anti-inflammatory effect. Warnke PH et al., Phytomedicine 2006 13(7): 463-7.
It is a natural insect repellent,
Respiratory: This is where most eucalyptus oils shine! It is useful diffused for chronic bronchitis, strep, sinusitis, throat infections, pneumonia and deep lung infections. Sheppard-Hanger pg. 215 Do not use eucalyptus near the face in children under 10. The Tisserand Institute does say it can be diffused or used topically at 0.5% for those aged 3-6. http://tisserandinstitute.org/learn-more/kids-inhalation-safety/. However, Health Canada suggests it is NOT To Be USED with children at all.
The long-term use of 1,8 cineole for the prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and improved asthma control is clinically proven. Juergens UR et al, Drug Research (Stuttg) 2014 64(12): 638-46.
Consider this oil for hot, damp conditions of the lungs.
Muscular: Dilute and massage with muscle aches and pains, injuries and sprains, rheumatoid arthritis, neuralgia, and rheumatism. It cools acute rheumatic arthritis conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis pain.
Cardio: May increase poor circulation.
Immune: Colds, flu, chicken pox, measles, fevers, infections, tonic after illness, tonsillitis. Dr. Penoeol says spraying into the air reduces bacteria by up to 80%.
The oil has a stimulating effect on innate cell-mediated immune responses and increases phagocytosis. Serafino A et al, BMC Immunol 2008 9:17.
Genito: Relieves vaginitis – 3 drops in a litre of water as a douche. Eases genito-urinary inflammations and infections- especially E. coli. Sheppard-Hanger pg. 215
Mind: Dilute and rub into neck and temples for headaches and exhaustion. “It can expand, clear and energize the mind and psyche.” Holmes (2016).
Perfumery: Top Note; Odor intensity high; Camphor scent.
It blends with basil, benzoin, camphor, chamomile German, cypress, fir, frankincense, ginger, grapefruit, helichrysum, hyssop, juniper, lavender, lemon, lemongrass, myrtle, peppermint, pine, rosemary tea tree, and thyme linalool.
Extra Research:
Antibacterial Properties Against MRSA: Eucalyptus globulus essential oil has shown effective antibacterial properties against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which poses a significant challenge in healthcare due to antibiotic resistance. The oil’s effectiveness suggests its potential use as an alternative treatment option in fighting bacterial infections, especially those resistant to conventional antibiotics.
Citation.
Phytochemical Properties and Health Benefits: The diverse phytochemicals in Eucalyptus globulus contribute to its multiple health-promoting effects. These include significant antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, crucial in managing various health conditions and enhancing overall well-being.
Citation.
Anti-Inflammatory Effects and Skin Care Benefits: Eucalyptus globulus oil benefits skin care, particularly in treating inflammatory skin conditions like acne. Its anti-inflammatory properties help soothe irritation and reduce the intensity of acne-related discomfort. Additionally, the oil has been found effective in wound healing and managing other minor skin ailments.
Citation.
Cautions: Don’t use it during pregnancy, breastfeeding, with children or pets. It can cause CNS and breathing problems in young children. Do not apply to or near the face of infants or children under ten. Tisserand pg. 273. No internal use; fewer than 5 mls taken internally can kill a child. Avoid High Blood Pressure and Epilepsy- May affect homeopathic formulas. Do not use high concentrations in the bath over time, as it can also be fatal if absorbed. It can cause dermatitis in some. It can be a dermal irritant for those with dermatitis.
Could you record your impression of this oil in your Journal?
Eucalyptus Polybractea/Blue Mallee
Eucalyptus fruticetorum (alternate Latin name)
From: Australia, France
Class: Cineol, Class Oxide.
Steam distilled leaves.
3- Key Constituents: 1,8 Cineole, (+)-Limonene, p-Cymene (Lawrence 1993 p122-125, 1997 a p49-51)
Respiratory: Diffuse for rhinitis, acute & chronic bronchitis, catarrh and cough for adults only. Good for clearing lung congestion. Mix a drop into the water for a sore throat, stir, gargle, and spit.
Muscular: Apply with a massage for neuralgia or sciatica.
Immune: A very good antiviral for colds, flu, etc. Sheppard-Hanger
Genito: Mix 5% oil with 95% carrier for congested and inflamed prostate and rub into the area.
Mind: Dilute and massage into temples for headaches and exhaustion.
Extra Research:
Antibacterial Properties Against MRSA: Eucalyptus polybractea essential oil exhibits significant antibacterial properties against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), indicating its potential as an alternative treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections.
Citation.
Phytochemical Properties and Health Benefits: The diverse phytochemicals in Eucalyptus polybractea, such as 1,8-cineole, contribute to its multiple health-promoting effects, including significant antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. These properties are crucial in managing various health conditions and enhancing overall well-being.
Citation.
Cautions: Don’t use it during pregnancy, breastfeeding, or with children or pets. It can cause CNS and breathing problems in young children. Do not apply to or near the face of infants or children under ten. Tisserand pg. 273. No internal use; fewer than 5 mls taken internally can kill a child. Avoid it with High Blood Pressure and Epilepsy- It may affect homeopathic formulas. Do not use high concentrations in the bath over time, as it can also be fatal if absorbed. Please don’t use it with pets.
Could you record your impression of this oil in your Journal?
Eucalyptus Radiata or Australian
Eucalyptus radiata
From: Australia
Class: Oxide, monoterpenols
Steam distilled leaves
3 Key Constituents:1,8- Cineole, Alpha-Terpineol, (Z)-Piperitol (Bigness et al. 1998)
Respiratory: Use in a diffuser or bath to dissolve excess mucous. Colds, flu, sinus, bronchitis, whooping cough.
The 1,8-cineole reduces mucus production in rhino-sinusitis. Sudhoff, H. 2015. PLoS One.
Add a drop into salt water and gargle, then spit out for throat and mouth infections- adults only.
Muscular: Dilute with carrier oil and use as a rub for arthritis, muscle aches, pains, injuries and inflammations, especially rheumatoid arthritis, neuralgia and sciatica pain. In patients undergoing total knee replacement, inhalation significantly lowered blood pressure and pain levels. Jun, Y.S. et al. 2013. Evidence-Based Complement Alternative Medicine.
Immune: Diffused, very antiviral and antibacterial. Use for upper respiratory infections better than globulus for this purpose. It is safer to inhale, and there can be less cough reflex. Sheppard-Hanger pg. 217. This species is powerful anti-viral and valuable for the first stage of upper respiratory infections. Gentler then E. globules, due to monoterpenols.
Genito: In bath water, add a couple of drops for cystitis- for vaginitis, use 2% oil in pure water as a douche or vaginal rinse. It may ease endometriosis inflammation. Sheppard-Hanger
Mind: Diffuse or dilute and massage into temples for headaches and exhaustion. It is a good choice for sensitive people whenever emotional or stress-related conditions are present (Holmes 2016).
Caution: Don’t use it during pregnancy, breastfeeding, with children or pets. It can cause CNS and breathing problems in young children. Do not apply to or near the face of infants or children under ten. Tisserand pg. 273. No internal use; fewer than 5 mls taken internally can kill a child. Avoid it with High Blood Pressure and Epilepsy- It may affect homeopathic formulas. Do not use high concentrations in the bath over time, as it can also be fatal if absorbed. It can cause dermatitis in some.
Could you record your impression of this oil in your Journal?
Eucalyptus Smithii/Gully Gum
From: Australia, Spain
Class: Oxide, Alcohols
3 Key Constituents:
Steam distilled leaves
Favourite Use: I use this essential oil in the bath and on the skin. According to Dr. Penoeol, it is less toxic than other eucalyptus oils. Also, most eucalyptus oils cool your skin—this is the most minor cooling. I love this quality for a winter bath; it is beneficial for a cold or flu.
Respiratory: Diffuse as an anti-mucolytic. It may be helpful for asthma, bronchitis, catarrh, coughs, throat, and mouth infections. It is also suitable for clearing lung congestion.
Muscular: Dilute and rub onto the site for arthritis, muscle aches, rheumatism, painful joints, muscles, neuralgia, and sciatica.
Immune: Diffuse into the air or bathe to ward off colds, fever, flu, and infections. Disinfects cuts and sores. It helps increase resistance. Dr. Penoel calls it an EXCELLENT PROTECTOR.
Mind: Like the other eucalyptus, Smithii can be helpful for headaches and exhaustion when rubbed into the temples.
Unlike some of the other eucalyptus types, Smithii adapts to daily biorhythms. According to Sheppard-Hanger- pg 219, Smithii is energizing for the morning and helps sedate for bedtime.
Extra Research:
Respiratory Health: The essential oil from Eucalyptus smithii is effective in respiratory applications, helping to clear congestion and easing breathing difficulties. This is attributed to its high content of 1,8-cineole, which has expectorant properties.
Citation.
Hair Care Benefits: Eucalyptus smithii oil’s antifungal properties can contribute to a healthier scalp by combating dandruff and itchy scalp conditions. It is also noted for its potential to stimulate hair follicles, promoting hair growth.
Citation.
Cautions: Don’t use it during pregnancy, breastfeeding, or with children or pets. It can cause CNS and breathing problems in young children. Do not apply to or near the face of infants or children under 10. Tisserand pg. 273. No internal use; fewer than 5 mls of eucalyptus taken internally can kill a child. Avoid it with High Blood Pressure and Epilepsy- It may affect homeopathic formulas. Do not use high concentrations in the bath over time, as it can also be fatal if absorbed. It can cause dermatitis in some. Please do not use it with pets.
Could you record your impression of this oil in your Journal?
Remember to take all the necessary breaks to make your apprenticeship journey right for you!
Manuka
Leptospermun scoparium
Class: Alcohol
Steam-distilled leaves and end branches
3 Key Constituents: Leptospermone, (E)-Calamenene, x-Pinene (Lawrence 20001b p. 22-25). Sesquiterpenes (<17%) and triketones (<31%).
Favourite Use—It is an antifungal, and, according to Dr. Penoel, it is potent against many staph infections.
Legend reports that when Captain Cook sailed into Mercury Bay in 1769, his crew was sick with scurvy and infection. The Maori offered leaf decoctions, which cured his crew.
Lovely but costly honey is made when bees feed on manuka flowers, which are used this way for their antibiotic properties.
Skin: The whole Myrtaceae Family is beneficial for preventing and eliminating Fungal infections. Manuka is no exception. It has been used for ringworm, athlete’s foot, cold sores, burns, and wounds. Leptospermone possesses anti-helminthic properties and is closely related to compounds with similar action in male fern. Use topically for skin infections, acne, boils, and acute or allergic eczema; it is non-irritating and non-skin sensitizing.
It is also good to heal or avoid diaper rash if you add manuka oil to the cream on a baby’s bottom. Purchon and Cantele pg. 81
Respiratory: Dilute and use in a diffuser. It is excellent for staph and strep infections, fevers, flu, and colds.
Muscular: Dilute with a carrier and rub on for muscle aches and rheumatism. The oil exhibits spasmolytic action and reduces muscle contraction.
Immune: Add a drop to salt water and gargle for a sore throat. Dab on cold or canker sores, dilute, and put on swollen glands.
According to Purchon and Cantele pg. 81- Manuka is an antihistamine that treats insect bites, stings, and allergic reactions, such as hives.
A study of various essential oils on oral pathogens noted its superior properties. Takarada et al. 2004. Oral Microbiol Immunol. Good anti-viral for herpes simplex-1.
Genito: Add a few drops to a bath or into a douche for candida, vaginitis. Useful for urinary infections.
Mind: Used in a bath blend, Manuka has a slightly calming and sedative effect.
Dr. Daniel Penoel has also done much research on this very interesting oil.
Perfumery: Mid-base note; Odor intensity mid.
Blends with bergamot, cedar, cinnamon, clary, clove, cypress, eucalyptus, geranium, ginger, hyssop, lavender, lemon, lemongrass, lime, mandarin, marjoram, pine, rosemary, thyme—Purchon and Cantele p. 81.
Captain Cook Used Manuka, Video-
Extra Research:
Wound Healing Properties: A study detailed the potent antimicrobial and wound-healing properties of Manuka honey derived from Leptospermum scoparium. This honey is noted for its effectiveness against various pathogens and its use in treating multiple skin conditions, enhancing wound closure, and reducing infection risks.
Citation.
Antibacterial and Anti-inflammatory Effects: The research highlighted Manuka essential oils’ potent antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. These properties make the oils beneficial for skin care applications, potentially aiding in treating acne and other skin inflammations due to their ability to inhibit bacterial growth and reduce inflammation.
Citation.
Caution: Don’t use it while pregnant or breastfeeding. Please do not use it with children, as it is still untested. Please do not use it internally. Record your impression of this oil in your Journal.
Myrtle
Myrtus communis
From: Morocco
Class: oxide, esters
Steam distilled: red branches and leaves.
Red Myrtle – 3 Key Constituents: 1,8-Cineole, Alpha-Pinene, Myrtenyl acetate (Tisserand pg. 358 from conversation with Berger, 1998)
Red is higher in 1.8 Cineole, making it more effective for anti-bacterial sprays. Green is a little gentler and more calming. Purchon and Cantele pg. 86
Green Myrtle – 3 Key Constituents: Alpha-Pinene, 1-8-Cineole, Myrtenyl acetate. (Lawrence 1995g. p. 80-82).
Skin: Myrtle is excellent for various skin conditions ranging from devitalized to irritated, inflamed, acne, oily, open pores, wrinkles, psoriasis, and scaling. Sheppard-Hanger pg. 303
It can be used to make many skin potions, washes, lotions, and creams.
Respiratory: Like many members of this family, myrtle is good for chronic smokers’ cough, colds, flu, thick mucous, congestion, sinusitis, catarrh, and bronchitis. It is perfect for children’s respiratory problems-(over the age of 6). It can irritate the mucous membranes in high dilutions, so blend it with a softer essential oil, like lavender, or use just a couple of drops in a water-based diffuser. It helps to prevent infectious diseases, making it a good air spray for epidemics. Purchon and Cantele p 86.
Made into a suppository with coconut oil, myrtle can be used for hemorrhoids. Dilute and rub onto the area for varicose veins.
For sore throats- add a drop of myrtle to salt water, gargle and spit out.
Digestive: Dilute and rub into the area as a liver and gallbladder stimulant.
Genito: Myrtle regulates the genitourinary system and is used for infections. It is considered a womb tonic and valuable for pelvic congestion, non-coli bacterial cystitis, and prostatitis. Sheppard-Hanger pg. 303
Mind: For insomnia, soak a bit of myrtle in a bath. Myrtle is a light sedative that balances the nervous system and may soothe anger and despair.
Perfumery: Top-mid note; Herbaceous, Odor Intensity mid.
Blends with bergamot, cedar, clary, hyssop, lavender, lemon, lime, pine, rosemary, cinnamon, black pepper, tea tree, and thyme—Purchon and Cantele p. 86.
Mythological and Spiritual: The Myrtle tree, also known as Aphrodite, is sacred to Venus.
Myrtle leaves are used in bridal bouquets.
It is still common in Ukrainian weddings to include Myrtle as a component in the bridal crown. The myrtle tree is supposed to be lucky. Those who have one may encourage a happy home life.
Extra Research:
Psychological Well-being and Nerve Health: Myrtle essential oil is known for its sedative properties. It helps manage stress, anxiety, and related nervous disorders, contributing to overall mental and emotional health.
Citation.
Cautions: It may irritate mucous membranes in high dilutions. Do not use if pregnant, breastfeeding, or with children. Please do not take it internally. There can be drug interactions in oral use with diabetes medication. Tisserand, pg. 358, suggest it is a potential carcinogen based on a small estragole content. The amount of estragole in myrtle oils varies substantially. Find one that is very low in this component. Tisserand and Young suggest a dermal maximum of 1.9 -0.02% of myrtle, depending on the plant’s constituents.
Could you record your impression of this oil in your Journal?
Niaouli
Melaleuca quinquenervia var. cineole
From: Madagascar, Australia
Class: monosesquiterpenol, oxide
3 Key Constituents: 1,8-Cineole, Alpha-Pinene, (+)-Limonene Tisserand pg. 364, communication with McGilvray, 1999)
Steam-distilled branches and leaves. The pale yellow-green oil is camphorous and sweet, with a mild lemon top and musty earthy bottom notes. Often rectified to remove harsh aldehydes.
My favourite use is adding 3% Niaouli to a 100 ml spray bottle and filling it with water. I use this spray on the crown of my head for my hair, but mostly to balance my chakras.
Cosmetic/Skin: This oil needs to be better known, and it is a shame because it has much to offer. Niaouli can be diluted for skin and applied to acne, boils, cuts, infections and insect bites. It is helpful for a spectrum of skin conditions, from oily to mature skin. It is thought to firm tissues and aid wrinkles. Try it diluted for skin conditions like psoriasis, fungal infections, lice, and itchy, scaly, pus-like conditions. It is also useful for gangrenous wounds. Niaouli is also helpful for skin abscesses and scalp crusts. Sheppard-Hanger pg. 281
Niaouli helps protect from deep radiation burns if used pre- & post-radiation. Sheppard-Hanger pg. 281. The chemotype viridiflorol is superior.
Respiratory: Diffused Niaouli may be helpful for colds, asthma, allergies, coughs, chronic bronchitis, catarrh, whooping cough, pleurisy, and sinusitis. Add a few drops to a glass of salt water and gargle for a sore throat, laryngitis, and tonsillitis. Sheppard-Hanger pg 281. The oil is a specific antihistamine in most type-1 allergies, including allergic cystitis, prostatitis, rhinitis, and dermatitis (Holmes 2016).
Immune: Niaouli fights infection, colds, fevers, smallpox, mumps, and swollen glands. It may aid white blood cells, immune globulins, and antibody activity (Sheppard-Hanger, pg. 281). It is strongly antiviral and antibacterial. “It is also one of the very few oils that have shown success with septicemia in its ability to reach the deepest level of infection, the blood level” Holmes (2016:2:327).
Digestive: Massage onto the belly to help with gastritis, flatulence, and a sluggish liver. It fights intestinal worms, neutralizes botulism toxins, and disinfects drinking water with lemon. Sheppard-Hanger pg. 281
Add a drop of Myrtle, disperse nicely into the water and gargle for a mouthwash. Purchon and Cantele pg. 89 say it will help sweeten lousy breath caused by gum disease or bad teeth.
Genito: Add to a bath for vaginal irritations. Has been used for prostate swelling, urinary tract infections, and cystitis. Sheppard-Hanger pg. 281.
Niaouli is a neuroendocrine refreshing herb similar to Scotch Pine and Black Spruce. It helps normalize and regulate menstrual issues and restores chronic adrenal dysfunction and exhaustion. It is a long-term uterine tonic.
Mind: Diffuse to help clear the head. Niaouli is a good pain reliever during labour.
It is well tolerated on the skin. “The oil promotes internal strength and feelings of security while allowing one to remain open and transparent to others” Holmes (2016).
Perfumery: Top-mid note; Odour Intensity mid-high.
Blends with coriander, fennel, galbanum, juniper, lavender, lemon, lime, myrtle, orange, pine, peppermint, and rosemary.
Mythological and Spiritual: Helps balance the chakras.
Extra Research:
Antibacterial Properties and Mental Health Support: Melaleuca quinquenervia essential oil, commonly known as Niaouli oil, is noted for its potent antibacterial capabilities. It is effective against bacteria such as Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Proteus. This oil is also effective against Candida and various respiratory viruses, making it valuable for infection control. Additionally, its therapeutic properties are helpful in aromatherapy for enhancing mental well-being by reducing stress and aiding relaxation.
Citation.
Cautions: Avoid internal use with gastrointestinal problems and biliary or liver disease. Blood thinner. Application of the oil on a baby’s or infant’s face can cause bronchial or asthma-like attacks or respiratory failure. Please do not take it internally.
The oil is warm, drying and stimulating, so use caution in hot, inflamed conditions.
Avoid during pregnancy and with babies. Much Niaouli on the market is adulterated or reconstituted. This oil is not at high risk for dermal or sensitizing issues.
Could you record your impression of this oil in your Journal?
Centring Exercise Video With Niaouli Essential Oil.
Please have a bottle of Niaouli handy as you do this exercise. If you don’t have one, you can still do it without it.
Niaouli nerolidol- linalool type- also known as Nerolina
Melaleuca quinquenerva chemotype nerolidol
From: New Caledonia, northern New South Wales, Australia.
Class: Sesquiterpenes, alcohols, oxides
3 Key Constituents: (E)-Nerolidol (48-65%), linalool (30-50%) B-Caryophyllene, 1,8-Cineole (Ramanoelina et al 1994a)
Cosmetic: This oil has been used for severe skin diseases, herpes and shingles. Sheppard-Hanger pg. 283
Endocrine: Helps to balance the HPA and HPG axis, restoring endocrine and nervous balance. It helps treat chronic weakness, fatigue, loss of stamina, neurasthenia and low sex drive.
Microbial: The oil is anti-fungal, antiviral, and anti-parasitic, including tapeworms, protozoa, and amoeba, as well as malaria and possibly other tropical fevers. Lab studies have shown that nerolidol can combat intestinal cancer (Holmes 2016).
Muscular: Dilute in a carrier and apply to the skin for rheumatoid arthritis and arthritis. It may also improve muscle tone. Sheppard-Hanger pg. 283. It reduces inflammation.
Respiratory: Diffuse for respiratory infections and sinusitis.
Genito: It may have a male hormonal action and be useful for impotence. Sheppard-Hanger pg. 283
Mind: Nerolina promotes emotional clarity, stability and balance. [It] can support individuals presenting conflict, confusion or negativity, as well as treat mood swings and irritability (Holmes 2016).
Cautions: Avoid it if pregnant and with babies and children. There are better choices for women. Please do not take it internally. Adrenal stimulant- Sheppard-Hanger; Tisserand pg. 365- It is unlikely to present any significant safety issues.
Could you record your impression of this oil in your Journal?
Madagascar Niaouli chemotype viridiflora
This oil is produced in Vohibola, NW Madagascar.
Class: viridiflorol (30-66%), 1,8 cineole (13%).
Nutmeg
Myristica fragrans
From: West Indies, India, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Grenada
Class: monoterpenes (70-82%), phenol ethers, alcohol
3 Key Constituents: Sabinene, Alpha-Pinene, B-Pinene (Lawrence 1995 g p. 2002; Simpson & Jackson 2002)
From: Grenada, Indonesia, and Sri Lanka
Steam or water-distilled seeds.
Favourite Use: Mix in a carrier to massage sore muscles.
Respiratory: Diffuse it as part of a bouquet with other essential oils. It is too hypnotic to use by itself, but when mixed with eucalyptus, lavender, and tangerine, it is helpful for bronchitis, colds, coughs, and bacterial infections.
Muscular: Dilute into a carrier oil and massage onto the body for arthritis, gout, rheumatism, pain relief, sprains, strains, fatigue, and neuralgia. The essential oil of nutmeg is warming to the body. For both acute and chronic rheumatic and arthritic conditions, as its inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis.
Cardio: A massage or bath with Niaouli may help enhance circulation and stimulate the heart.
Digestive: Mix with a carrier and rub into the tummy for its carminative effect. Nutmeg may stimulate digestion and help with flatulence. Like Sweet Fennel, it is a digestive and intestinal stimulant and relaxant. It helps alter unhealthy gut dysbiosis by eliminating intestinal toxins and may be helpful in IBD and colitis. It is specific for diarrhea relief.
Genito: some “frigidity, “impotence,” labour pains, increases contractions when birthing, scanty periods. Sheppard-Hanger.
Mind: Historically, it has been used for fainting, neuralgia, libido, and fatigue. The oil connects us with gut feelings and inner power, helping us express ourselves without consequences. “It enables us to connect to our gut feelings and instincts in a safe, secure space, devoid of fear of the unknown” Holmes (2016).
Nutmeg is a psycho-stimulant that invigorates and activates the mind. It is a sedative and narcotic. It is an MAO inhibitor, suggesting a benefit in depression (Faucon 2015).
I have beautiful memories of the oil from when Robert and I visited Grenada. The tree is grown there, and it is used for EVERYTHING. Grenadians love this plant and use it for sore muscles, the respiratory system and digestion.
We even went to a restaurant for our wedding anniversary that served Nutmeg on everything….it was a gourmet adventure.
Perfumery: Sweet, spicy, top note, odour intensity, mid-high.
Useful for masking the odour of cabbage.
It blends well with bay, bergamot, black pepper, cedar, cinnamon, clary, clove, coriander, cypress, frankincense, galbanum, geranium, ginger, grapefruit, juniper, lavandin, lavender, lemon, lemongrass, lime, melissa, oakmoss, orange, patchouli, peppermint, petitgrain, pine, rosemary, sandalwood, tea tree, and vanilla.
Spiritual and Mythological: The whole Island of Grenada is saturated with the scent of nutmeg and other spices. It is a beautiful place to dream, as the air is thick with scents that feed the night psyche—historically used as a dried spice to alter the mind and bring on religious ecstasy or a bad “high’. Please don’t do this; it is dangerous and unpleasant. However, some essential oils used in a diffuser, mixed with other essential oils, may produce a state where dreams and meditation are encouraged.
There are also many lizards and geckos on the Island, an animal totem supportive of the inner dreamer.
Extra Research:
Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties
Myristica fragrans is highly regarded for its antioxidant and antimicrobial benefits. The essential oil of nutmeg contains phenolic compounds and flavonoids, which contribute to its health-promoting properties. The oil exhibits potent antimicrobial activity against various pathogens, enhancing skin health and preserving the quality of cosmetic products.
Citation.
Cautions: West Indian nutmeg is much safer and gentler than the Indonesian variety. An excess overstimulates the brain and heart and can cause hallucinations, delirium, convulsions, numbness and even death. Avoid in pregnancy and with children. Please do not take it internally. The Asian type has some possible carcinogenic compounds, significantly less in the Grenadian variety. Tisserand pg. 367. Avoid use internally and externally in patients with cancer.
Could you record your impression of Nutmeg in your Journal?
Mace
Myristica fragrans
From: West India, East India, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Grenada
3 Key Constituents: West Indian- B-Pinene+sabinene, Alpha-Pinene, 1,8 Cineole +(+)-limonene (Lawrence 2000c p. 6-68)
Mace is the orange-coloured aril or husk of the Nutmeg seed. It is higher in myristicin but otherwise similar.
Attributes: Strong stimulant of the brain and heart. Tonic properties. But it can be overly stimulating. Anti-rheumatic, analgesic. It is suitable for toothache and as a dental mouthwash.
Cautions: Can overstimulate the brain and heart. Avoid during pregnancy. Do not use it if pregnant, while breastfeeding, or with children. Please do not take it internally. Keep out of eyes. Potential carcinogen (weak evidence). Tisserand p 341.
Could you record your impression of this oil in your Journal?
Tea Tree
Melaleuca alternifolia
From: Australia- mostly grown on commercial plantations.
Class: monoterpenes (25-40%), alcohol
3 Key Constituents: Terpinen-4-ol (30-48%), y-Terpinene, Alpha-Terpinene (Southwell 1997).
Steam-distilled branches and leaves
Favourite Uses: Acne and as an overall disinfectant and anti-fungal.
A whole industry emerged over two decades ago with tea tree products- soaps, shampoos, etc. It is one oil that captured many people’s imagination. Do you remember when Tea Tree first emerged on the market?
Dr. Penoel taught us to make a body-protecting blend by using tea trees on the bottoms of our feet during cold and flu season. He would also use the oil on his whole body as a protectant. I did this using 2% tea tree and 98 % apricot kernel oil as a carrier, and it was a lovely wintertime ritual.
Cosmetic: Tea tree is very effective for acne and oily skin. It can also be applied to abscesses, athlete’s foot, herpes, rashes, warts, and ringworms to disinfect wounds and insect bites. Sheppard-Hanger, pg. 277
In shampoos, it is used to clean the scalp and address dandruff.
Like Niaouli, Tea Tree may protect the skin from burns during radiation treatment. After treatments, soothe the skin with rose and lavender.
Respiratory: Diffuse Tea Tree for asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, catarrh, coughs, sinusitis, whooping cough, colds, flu, and fever.
Sheppard-Hanger, pg. 277
Add a drop to salt water and gargle for tonsillitis and throat infections.
It can be rubbed downward at the back of the ear to help with ear infections. Dilute first to prevent skin reactions.
Immune: Tea tree is used for infections like staph, strep, viral issues, candida, and chicken pox; preventative with rosewood, thyme linalool, and ravintsara. Sheppard-Hanger, pg. 277. “Most of today’s chronic immunodeficient conditions will benefit here, especially if an infectious component is present. Tea tree, then, is essentially for the individual who is run-down, exhausted, depressed and unable to shake off a chronic or recurrent infection. (Holmes 2016).
Chronic afternoon or evening fevers may benefit.
Tea tree oil shows superior inhibition of gram-negative bacteria, while lemongrass is more active against gram-positive organisms. Warnke PH et al, J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2013 41(4): 321-6.
The essential oil and its main compound, terpinene-4-ol, interfere with migrating and invading drug-sensitive and drug-resistant melanoma cells. Bozzuto G et al, Planta Medica 2011 77(1): 54-56.
Genito: Tea tree is anti-fungal and helpful for thrush, vaginitis, and cystitis.
Mind: Diffuse for nervous exhaustion.
Perfumery: Top note: high odor intensity. Medicinal.
Blends With: Cinnamon, clary, clove, cypress, eucalyptus, geranium, ginger, lavender, lemon, lemongrass, mandarin, marjoram, rosemary, and thyme. Purchon Cantele pg. 112.
Tea Tree Extra Research:
Skin Care: Tea tree oil is noted for its antimicrobial properties, which are effective against acne-causing bacteria such as Propionibacterium acnes. It has also been favourably compared to benzoyl peroxide for treating acne, though it acts slower but is less drying.
Citation.
Antimicrobial Activity: Tea tree oil exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. A study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of its major components, showing that terpinene-4-ol was particularly effective against a range of microorganisms, while other components, like rho-cymene, showed no antimicrobial activity.
Citation.
Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities: The in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil were assessed. The oil showed strong antimicrobial effects against various pathogens and significant antioxidant properties.
Citation.
Mechanism of Action: The essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia compromises the cytoplasmic membrane of Staphylococcus aureus, leading to loss of cell contents and sensitivity to autolysis. This membrane disruption is the likely source of its lethal action at minimum inhibitory levels.
Citation.
Anti-Quorum Sensing and Anti-Biofilm Activity: Tea tree oil and its main component, terpinen-4-ol, demonstrated anti-quorum sensing and anti-biofilm activities, which could help treat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections.
Citation.
Cautions: Possible skin irritant, sensitizing to skin with some people. Can develop a dermal irritation. Please don’t use undiluted. Please do not use it while pregnant, breastfeeding, or with babies or pets. Please do not take it internally. Avoid oxidization by storing it in a dark, airtight container in the refrigerator, as it is much more sensitizing when oxidized.
The oil is widely adulterated, using low-cost by-products from various eucalyptus species or adding pure chemical compounds. Old or oxidized oil should be avoided. Tisserand and Young, pg. 441, “Maximum dermal level, 15%.”
Could you record your impression of this oil in your Journal?
A Recording of the Myrtaceae Family
Please go to your Practical Potions Journal by scrolling to downloads at the very bottom of this page. Complete the Transformational Exercises for the Myrtaceae family. Please fill out a Scent Impressions Sheet on the oils from this family; you can find a sniff of! Here is the link to the sheet- https://www.northernstarcourses.com/lesson/f-the-scent-impressions-sheet/